National Health Mission

 

National Health Mission is the mission mode project of the Government of India and the pet project of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Services, India. India from the times of the Harappan civilization cared for the health of the people. Every princely state and Kingdom in the history of India had specific health policies and a set of rules to take care of people’s health. With the onset of Muslim invasion and rule and later colonization Dutch, French, England had certain specific reforms in the field of the health sector. The pandemic diseases increased population, maternal deaths, children deaths, cases of tuberculosis, HIV called for a mission mode project to bring the indicators under control.

NHM is the continuation of erstwhile NRHM. National Rural Health Mission was implemented in India in the year 2005. NRHM concentrated primarily on rural health issues including antenatal and postnatal care. With the onset of industrialization, urbanization started.  The industries required workers to work. Workers were drawn from the nearby villages and far villages and other states and countries as well. With urbanization, the urban slums came into existence.

The urban slum included people from below the poverty line, the migratory population, and the neglected community of the society. They had either less access to hygiene or no access to hygiene in terms of food, shelter, water, sanitation. They are basically daily earners. They were away from the health facilities. They are dependent on self-medication, an indigenous system of medicine, gods, and temples. The death rate was more due to a lack of hygienic health clinical treatment. This resulted in increasing pandemics. The recurrence of incidents made the governments form the health and other relevant policies concentrating on the urban slums.

The Government of India conceptualized the National Urban Health Mission.  National Rural Health Mission which was looking after the rural domain, was endowed to include urban and run forward in the accomplishment of the mission goals. The sub-mission National Rural Health Mission (12^th April 2005), sub-mission National Urban Health Mission (1^st May 2013).  =National Health Mission 1. Reduce MMR to 1/1000 live births 2. Reduce IMR to 25/1000 live births 3. Reduce TFR to 2.1 4. Prevention and reduction of anemia in women aged 15–49 years 5. Prevent and reduce mortality & morbidity from communicable, noncommunicable; injuries and emerging diseases 6. Reduce household out-of-pocket expenditure on total health care expenditure 7. Reduce annual incidence and mortality from Tuberculosis by half 8. Reduce the prevalence of Leprosy to<1/10000 population and incidents to zero in all districts. 9. Annual Malaria incidence to be <1/100 10.Less than 1 percent microfilaria prevalence in all districts 11.Kala-azar elimination by 2015, <1 case per 10000 population in all blocks.

NHM’s vision is “Attainment of Universal Access to Equitable, Affordable and Quality health care services, accountable and responsive to people’s needs, with effective inter-sectoral convergent action to address the wider social determinants of health.”