Continents and countries with capital city and year of formation

Note: "Year of formation" = year of internationally recognized independence. Some countries have complex histories, so I’ve used the most commonly accepted date. --- *1. ASIA - 49 countries* Country Capital Year of Formation Afghanistan Kabul 1919 Armenia Yerevan 1991 Azerbaijan Baku 1991 Bahrain Manama 1971 Bangladesh Dhaka 1971 Bhutan Thimphu 1907 Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 1984 Cambodia Phnom Penh 1953 China Beijing 1949 Cyprus Nicosia 1960 Georgia Tbilisi 1991 India New Delhi 1947 Indonesia Jakarta 1945 Iran Tehran 1979 Iraq Baghdad 1932 Israel Jerusalem 1948 Japan Tokyo 1868 Jordan Amman 1946 Kazakhstan Astana 1991 Kuwait Kuwait City 1961 Kyrgyzstan Bishkek 1991 Laos Vientiane 1953 Lebanon Beirut 1943 Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 1957 Maldives Malé 1965 Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 1921 Myanmar Naypyidaw 1948 Nepal Kathmandu 1768 North Korea Pyongyang 1948 Oman Muscat 1650 Pakistan Islamabad 1947 Palestine Ramallah* 1988* Philippines Manila 1946 Qatar Doha 1971 Saudi Arabia Riyadh 1932 Singapore Singapore 1965 South Korea Seoul 1948 Sri Lanka Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte 1948 Syria Damascus 1946 Tajikistan Dushanbe 1991 Thailand Bangkok 1238 Timor-Leste Dili 2002 Turkey Ankara 1923 Turkmenistan Ashgabat 1991 UAE Abu Dhabi 1971 Uzbekistan Tashkent 1991 Vietnam Hanoi 1945 Yemen Sana’a 1990 *2. AFRICA - 54 countries* Country Capital Year of Formation Algeria Algiers 1962 Angola Luanda 1975 Benin Porto-Novo 1960 Botswana Gaborone 1966 Burkina Faso Ouagadougou 1960 Burundi Gitega 1962 Cabo Verde Praia 1975 Cameroon Yaoundé 1960 Central African Republic Bangui 1960 Chad N'Djamena 1960 Comoros Moroni 1975 Congo, Rep. Brazzaville 1960 Congo, DRC Kinshasa 1960 Djibouti Djibouti 1977 Egypt Cairo 1922 Equatorial Guinea Malabo 1968 Eritrea Asmara 1993 Eswatini Mbabane 1968 Ethiopia Addis Ababa 980 BCE Gabon Libreville 1960 Gambia Banjul 1965 Ghana Accra 1957 Guinea Conakry 1958 Guinea-Bissau Bissau 1974 Ivory Coast Yamoussoukro 1960 Kenya Nairobi 1963 Lesotho Maseru 1966 Liberia Monrovia 1847 Libya Tripoli 1951 Madagascar Antananarivo 1960 Malawi Lilongwe 1964 Mali Bamako 1960 Mauritania Nouakchott 1960 Mauritius Port Louis 1968 Morocco Rabat 1956 Mozambique Maputo 1975 Namibia Windhoek 1990 Niger Niamey 1960 Nigeria Abuja 1960 Rwanda Kigali 1962 São Tomé and Príncipe São Tomé 1975 Senegal Dakar 1960 Seychelles Victoria 1976 Sierra Leone Freetown 1961 Somalia Mogadishu 1960 South Africa Pretoria* 1910/1994 South Sudan Juba 2011 Sudan Khartoum 1956 Tanzania Dodoma 1964 Togo Lomé 1960 Tunisia Tunis 1956 Uganda Kampala 1962 Zambia Lusaka 1964 Zimbabwe Harare 1980 *3. NORTH AMERICA - 23 countries* Country Capital Year of Formation Antigua and Barbuda St. John's 1981 Bahamas Nassau 1973 Barbados Bridgetown 1966 Belize Belmopan 1981 Canada Ottawa 1867 Costa Rica San José 1821 Cuba Havana 1902 Dominica Roseau 1978 Dominican Republic Santo Domingo 1844 El Salvador San Salvador 1821 Grenada St. George's 1974 Guatemala Guatemala City 1821 Haiti Port-au-Prince 1804 Honduras Tegucigalpa 1821 Jamaica Kingston 1962 Mexico Mexico City 1810/1821 Nicaragua Managua 1821 Panama Panama City 1903 Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre 1983 Saint Lucia Castries 1979 Saint Vincent and Grenadines Kingstown 1979 Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain 1962 United States Washington D.C. 1776 *4. SOUTH AMERICA - 12 countries* Country Capital Year of Formation Argentina Buenos Aires 1816 Bolivia Sucre* 1825 Brazil Brasília 1822 Chile Santiago 1818 Colombia Bogotá 1810 Ecuador Quito 1822 Guyana Georgetown 1966 Paraguay Asunción 1811 Peru Lima 1821 Suriname Paramaribo 1975 Uruguay Montevideo 1825 Venezuela Caracas 1811 *5. EUROPE - 44 countries* Country Capital Year of Formation Albania Tirana 1912 Andorra Andorra la Vella 1278 Austria Vienna 1918 Belarus Minsk 1991 Belgium Brussels 1830 Bosnia and Herzegovina Sarajevo 1992 Bulgaria Sofia 1908 Croatia Zagreb 1991 Czechia Prague 1993 Denmark Copenhagen 10th century Estonia Tallinn 1991 Finland Helsinki 1917 France Paris 843 Germany Berlin 1871/1990 Greece Athens 1830 Hungary Budapest 1000 Iceland Reykjavík 1944 Ireland Dublin 1922 Italy Rome 1861 Kosovo Pristina 2008 Latvia Riga 1991 Liechtenstein Vaduz 1806 Lithuania Vilnius 1991 Luxembourg Luxembourg 1839 Malta Valletta 1964 Moldova Chișinău 1991 Monaco Monaco 1297 Montenegro Podgorica 2006 Netherlands Amsterdam 1581 North Macedonia Skopje 1991 Norway Oslo 1905 Poland Warsaw 1918 Portugal Lisbon 1139 Romania Bucharest 1878 Russia Moscow 1991 San Marino San Marino 301 Serbia Belgrade 2006 Slovakia Bratislava 1993 Slovenia Ljubljana 1991 Spain Madrid 1492 Sweden Stockholm 1523 Switzerland Bern 1291 Ukraine Kyiv 1991 United Kingdom London 1707/1801 *6. OCEANIA - 14 countries* Australia+ Pacific Islands Country Capital Year of Formation Australia Canberra 1901 Fiji Suva 1970 Kiribati Tarawa 1979 Marshall Islands Majuro 1986 Micronesia Palikir 1986 Nauru Yaren* 1968 New Zealand Wellington 1907 Palau Ngerulmud 1994 Papua New Guinea Port Moresby 1975 Samoa Apia 1962 Solomon Islands Honiara 1978 Tonga Nuku'alofa 1970 Tuvalu Funafuti 1978 Vanuatu Port Vila 1980 *7. ANTARCTICA - 0 countries* Antarctica has *no permanent countries or capital*. It is governed by the Antarctic Treaty System signed in 1959. Several countries have research stations there. --- _Notes: - _Some countries have multiple capitals or disputed capitals - Years are for modern sovereign state formation*